Explosives Engineers'' Guide
Presplit blasting Spacing = Hole diameter x 12 Burden = x production blast burden (B) Uncharged length at top = 10 x D Powder factor = per square metre of face Do not stem holes. Fire all holes on the same delay, or in groups of ≥ 5 holes Smooth blasting Spacing = 15 x Hole diameter (hard rock) 20 x Hole diameter (soft rock)